Bioimpedance Sensors: A Tutorial

Electrical bioimpedance entails the measurement of electrical properties tissues as a function frequency. It is thus spectroscopic technique. has been applied in plethora biomedical applications for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. In this tutorial, basics sensor design will be discussed. The electrode/electrolyte interface thoroughly described, well methods its modelling with equivalent circuits computational tools. optimization bipolar tetrapolar sensors presented detail, based on sensitivity theorem. Analytical numerical approaches electric field simulations conformal mapping, point electrode approximations finite element method (FEM) are also elaborated. Finally, current trends discussed followed by an overview instrumentation measurements, covering aspects voltage signal excitations, sources, front-end topologies computing impedance.